EFFECT OF GAS FLOW RATE ON CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF ELECTROSPUN AND GAS-JET/ELECTROSPUN POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) FIBERS

The effect of gas flow rate on crystal structures of electrospun and gas-jet/electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers was investigated.PVDF fibers were prepared by electrospinning and gas-jet/electrospinning of its N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions.The morphology of the PVDF fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).With an increase of the gas flow rate,the average diameters of PVDF fibers were decreased.The crystal structures and thermal properties of the PVDF fibers w...     

SEPARATION OF PROPANE FROM PROPANE/NITROGEN MIXTURES USING PDMS COMPOSITE MEMBRANES BY VAPOUR PERMEATION

 This study deals with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes for propane separation from propane/nitrogen mixtures, which is relevant to the recovery of propane in petroleum and chemical industry. The surface and cross-section morphology of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface morphology of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes is very dense. There are three layers, the thin dense top layer, finger-like porous middle layer and sponge-like under layer in the cross-section SEM image of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes. The effects of the types of cross-linking agents and pressure on the membrane permselectivity were investigated. The permeability of nitrogen was independent of feed pressure. However, the permeability of propane increased with the pressure increasing for all membranes. The membrane cured by a tri-functional crosslinker with attached vinyl groups had better performance than the tetra-functional one, in both selectivity and permeation flux. The total permeation flux is 1.769× 10^-2 cm³(STP)/(cm²·s) and the separation factor is 19.17 when the mole percent of propane in the gas mixture is 10 at the 0.2 MPa pressure difference and 25°C.     

Synthesis of transparent silica aerogels using tetraalkylammonium fluoride catalysts

Tetraalkylammonium fluoride salts have been employed as catalysts for the synthesis of silica aerogels by a two-step, sol–gel method. Aerogel materials were characterized by N₂ physisorption and SEM. The effect of the type of catalyst on the optical transparency of obtained aerogels has been examined. It has been found that such compounds allow the synthesis of silica aerogels with the highest optical transmittance ever reported for such materials. The optimal catalysts are tetrabutyl and tetraoctyl ammonium fluoride, with which aerogels with transparency as high as 96% and extinction coefficient as low as 3.5 m⁻¹ can be prepared.     

含氟体系中DDR型分子筛的合成

DDR (Deca-dodecasil 3R) zeolite was synthesized hydrothermally in fluoride medium. The effects of synthesis conditions including the amount of KF, different fluoride sources and seeds on crystallization of DDR zeolite were investigated. The as-synthesized DDR zeolite samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that DDR crystallization was strongly affected by n_KF/n_SiO2, fluoride sources and seeds. Pure DDR zeolite could be successfully obtained in n_KF/n_SiO2 range of 0.5～1 after 9 days of hydrothermal synthesis. The synthesis time was reduced to 1 day by adding small amount of seeds with yield approaching 100%.     

用基于苯并噻二唑衍生物的比率荧光化学传感器检测氟离子

研制了一种用于灵敏、快速地检测溶液中的氟离子的基于苯并噻二唑衍生物的荧光传感器.4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑与三甲基硅基乙炔通过Sonogashira偶联反应得到二取代的三甲基硅基乙炔苯并噻二唑;将该化合物用于检测氟离子,分析了检测灵敏度和选择性.结果表明,在乙腈和水(V/V=9∶1)混合溶液中,合成的苯并噻二唑衍生物的最大发射波长峰值为455nm(激发波长为376nm);就所测试的F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,ClO4-,AcO-,NO3-,H2PO3-,CN-和HSO4-等阴离子而言,仅F-可以脱除三甲基硅保护基使得该化合物荧光最大发射波长蓝移至435nm,荧光强度降低60%,且最低检测限可达4.5×10-8 mol/L.因此,二取代的三甲基硅基乙炔苯并噻二唑应用于氟离子检测具有很好的灵敏度和选择性.     

有机酸对离子色谱法测定氟离子的影响

比较了不同体系下离子色谱法测定考核样中氟离子的准确度。在碳酸盐–碳酸氢盐体系下分析氟标准样品,进行甲酸根、乙酸根加标试验,讨论了甲酸根、乙酸根对氟定量准确性的影响。考核样品色谱峰处理前氟测定结果为0.273 mg/L,与统计均值0.240 mg/L相比偏高,色谱峰处理后结果为0.243 mg/L,在统计Z值偏差范围内。同时在氢氧根体系下分析考核样品,有效改善了氟离子与乙酸、甲酸的分离度。在氢氧根体系下分析环境水样中低浓度氟离子快速、方便。     

An equation of state for hydrogen fluoride

Using a similar approach as Lencka and Anderko [AIChE J. 39 (1993) 533], we developed an equation of state for hydrogen fluoride (HF), which can correlate the vapor pressure, the saturated liquid and vapor densities of it from the triple point to critical point with good accuracy. We used an equilibrium model to account for hydrogen bonding that assumes the formation of dimer, hexamer, and octamer species as suggested by Schotte [Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 19 (1980) 432]. The physical and chemical parameters are obtained directly from the regression of pure component properties by applying the critical constraints to the equation of state for hydrogen fluoride. This equation of state together with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule as well as the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule are used to correlate the phase equilibria of binary hydrogen fluoride mixtures with HCl, HCFC-124, HFC-134a, HFC-152a, HCFC-22, and HFC-32. For these systems, new equation of state with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule gives good results.     

ESR studies in γ‐irradiated and PS‐radiation‐grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)

The fluoropolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) was irradiated with γ rays to induce a polystyrene (PS) radiation grafting via an indirect method. Electron spin resonance and Fourier transform infrared studies were performed to identify the species that initiated the PS grafting. Specific experiments were performed to prove separately the importance of each kind of radical. A localization of the radicals in this irradiated polymer is proposed, and a kinetic model of the grafting is given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1437–1448, 2001